Learn English: July 2017

Thursday, July 13, 2017

Poem: Her Voice by Oscar Wilde

Her Voice by Oscar Wilde

The wild bee reels from bough to bough
With his furry coat and his gauzy wing,
Now in a lily-cup, and now
Setting a jacinth bell a-swing,
In his wandering;
Sit closer love: it was here I trow
I made that vow,
Swore that two lives should be like one
As long as the sea-gull loved the sea,
As long as the sunflower sought the sun,-
It shall be, I said, for eternity
'Twixt you and me!
Dear friend, those times are over and done;
Love's web is spun.
Look upward where the poplar trees
Sway and sway in the summer air,
Here in the valley never a breeze
Scatters the thistledown, but there
Great winds blow fair
From the mighty murmuring mystical seas,
And the wave-lashed leas.
Look upward where the white gull screams,
What does it see that we do not see?
Is that a star? or the lamp that gleams
On some outward voyaging argosy,
Ah! can it be
We have lived our lives in a land of dreams!
How sad it seems.
Sweet, there is nothing left to say
But this, that love is never lost,
Keen winter stabs the breasts of May
Whose crimson roses burst his frost,
Ships tempest-tossed
Will find a harbour in some bay,
And so we may.

And there is nothing left to do
But to kiss once again, and part,
Nay, there is nothing we should rue,
I have my beauty,-you your Art,
Nay, do not start,
One world was not enough for two
Like me and you.

Poem: Daffodils by William Wordsworth

Daffodils by William Wordsworth

I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced, but they
Out-did the sparkling leaves in glee;
A poet could not be but gay,
In such a jocund company!
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.

Ode on Solitude by Alexander Pope

I.
How happy he, who free from care
The rage of courts, and noise of towns;
Contented breathes his native air,
In his own grounds.

II.
Whose herds with milk, whose fields with bread,
Whose flocks supply him with attire,
Whose trees in summer yield him shade,
In winter fire.

III.
Blest! who can unconcern'dly find
Hours, days, and years slide swift away,
In health of body, peace of mind,
Quiet by day,

IV.
Sound sleep by night; study and ease
Together mix'd; sweet recreation,
And innocence, which most does please,
With meditation.

V.
Thus let me live, unheard, unknown;
Thus unlamented let me die;
Steal from the world, and not a stone
Tell where I lie.

Poem: A Red Red Rose by Robert Burns

A Red Red Rose by Robert Burns

O my Luve's like a red, red rose
That's newly sprung in June;
O my Luve's like the melodie
That's sweetly played in tune.

As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry:

Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi' the sun;
I will luve thee still, my dear,
While the sands o' life shall run.

And fare thee weel, my only Luve,
And fare thee weel awhile!
And I will come again, my Luve,
Tho' it ware ten thousand mile.

Syllable in English Language

1. A syllable is a sound, or a group of sounds, produced by a single chest pulse and containing a vowel. e.g. ne-ver-the-less. In other words it is a unit of human speech that is interpreted by the listener as a single sound, although syllables usually consist of one or more sounds.

2. A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word; e.g., there are two syllables in ‘water’ and three in ‘inferno’.

3. A unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme.

Syllables are often considered the phonological "building blocks" of words. They can influence the rhythm of a language, its prosody, its poetic meter and its stress patterns.

Syllabification

Syllabification is the term which refers to the division of a word into syllables. A word containing a single syllable is called monosyllabic (cat), if it contains more than one, the term polysyllabic (contain) is used.

It is not very difficult to identify the syllables in English words

1.    Rat, / r æ t /, (1) (monosyllabic)
2.    Redeem, / r ɪ - d ɪ: m /, (2) (disyllabic)
3.    Humanist, / h j u: - m ə - n ɪ s t /, (3) (trisyllabic)
4.    Degenerate, / d ɪ - dʒ e - n ə - r eɪ t /, (4)
5.    Electricity, / ɪ - l e k - t r ɪ - s ɪ - t ɪ /, (5)
6.    Characterization, / k æ - r ɪ k - t ə - r aɪ - z eɪ - ʃ ə n /, (6)

Syllable Structure (Onset + Nucleus + Coda)

It will be clear from the words above that the number of syllables in each corresponds to the number of vowel sounds it contains. This rough and ready rule of dividing words into syllables will apply to most words in English.

Each syllable can have one or more consonants before the vowel and one or more after the vowel. In an English syllable, maximum number of consonant cluster before a vowel (initial consonant cluster) is three; while after a vowel (final consonant cluster) is four. Sometimes a syllable is defined as ”a vowel preceded by from zero to three consonants, and followed by from zero to four consonants”. Sometimes a single vowel can serve as a syllable. e.g. a-gain / ə - g eɪ n /

The vowel is essential to the structure of a syllable and is called the nucleus of the syllable. The consonant, on the other hand, is optional.

Consonants before the vowel (nucleus) form the ‘onset’ of the syllable (e.g. / m /, / s /, / pl / in me, so, play); it may be simple onset containing one segment and complex onset containing more than one segment. Consonants after the vowel form ‘coda’ (e.g. / mp /, / nt / in jump and account).

We can analyze the structure of different kinds of syllable.

V = I                               VC = an                           CV = no
CVC = can                        CCV = play                       CCCV = straw
CCCVC = stream                CCCVCC = strange             CVCCC = texts
CCVCCC = stands              CCVCC = spans                 VCC = and, ask

Syllables can be of two types, open and closed. This classification is made on the basis of their ending. Syllables ending in a vowel or diphthong are known as open such as do / d u: / with a CV structure. Those that end in consonants are called closed or checked syllables, such as 'sit' / s i t / with a CVC structure.

Syllable Stress

In a word with two or more syllables, one syllable is stressed (meaning they have a stronger and longer sound) and the other syllables are unstressed or weak (meaning they are not said or pronounced as strong or as long as stressed syllables). Pronounce the words below and note the stressed syllables. The stressed syllable is in bold.

pre-pare sig-ni-fi-cance com-pu-ter in-con-spic-u-ous

An extra prominence is given to these bold syllables. In other words, stress is the degree of force that is used to pronounce a syllable. Some languages like English are stress-timed. In such languages, stress carries meaning. For example, in disyllabic (having two syllables) words like ‘permit’ if we stress the first syllable / 'pəmit /, it is a noun and if we stress the second syllable / pə'mit /, it becomes a verb.

Eye Rhyme in Poetry.

Poetry and Rhyme

Rhyme is one of the most useful tools in poetry. It is the repetition of similar sounds in two or more words or phrases. Poets use rhyme to create sound patterns for many reasons, including musicality and emphasizing ideas or themes.Many poets like to stretch the utility of rhyme and use it in different ways. One such way is to use eye rhyme instead of exact rhyme. Eye rhyme occurs when words use the same spelling for a portion of the word, but the pronunciations are different.For example, look at the words cough andbough. On paper, they might look like they sound the same because the last halves of the words are spelled identically withough. But try saying them out loud. Do they sound the same? Do they rhyme? No, of course not. The two words have a different vowel sound. The spelling is the same, but the pronunciation is different and the words do not actually rhyme. This is eye rhyme.

Eye Rhyme in Poetry

Not all poets like to use exact rhyme. Some believe exact rhyme is too limiting or that it creates a singsong aspect to poems which takes away from the true theme or message. In this way, eye rhyme can be useful in poetry in allowing for more possibilities and changing the sound pattern to prevent predictability.

Last Rose of Summer

Let's look at an example of eye rhyme in the first stanza of the poem,
The Last Rose of Summer, by Thomas Moore.

'Tis the last rose of summer,
Left blooming alone;
All her lovely companions
Are faded and gone;

The final words of the second and fourth lines show eye rhyme.
Say alone and goneout loud.
Do they actually rhyme? No, they do not, but they are spelled the same. This is a great example of eye rhyme. Perhaps one of the reasons Moore chose to use eye rhyme was because of his subject matter. Moore is writing about summer fading with a lonely rose left while all the others have wilted, which creates a sad or depressed tone. If his lines rhymed and bounced like a children's song, the overall tone of the poem would be very different from what he is trying to elicit.

Sonnet 116

Another great example of eye rhyme occurs in the first four lines of William Shakespeare's Sonnet 116.

Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments.
Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove

Again, lines two and four show eye rhyme in the words love and remove. Say each out loud. Clearly the two are spelled the same, but produce different sounds. Again, the topic of discussion is on the serious side. Shakespeare is discussing what defines true love; not exactly a lighthearted topic.

She Walks in Beauty

The next excerpt is the final stanza in Lord Byron's poem She Walks in Beauty.
Try to find the word pair with eye rhyme. Why do you think Byron used eye rhyme?

And on that cheek and oe'r that brow
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent, -
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent.
(eye rhyme = brow and glow)

Summary

Overall, poets use rhyme to create specific effects in their poetry. However, some poets find that exact rhyme can lead to dullness and predictability. In this case, eye rhyme, which occurs when words have the same spelling but different pronunciations, can allow for more diverse wording. Eye rhyme can be useful for poets writing about more serious topics and who want to avoid a singsong type of effect.

Wednesday, July 12, 2017

Learning English Tips

🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒

Learning English doesn’t always have to mean sitting in the classroom and studying tricky grammar. In fact, English language teachers encourage you to do plenty of extra learning outside of school. There are a number of ways to improve your understanding of the language, many of which can actually be a lot of fun.

🍇10 top tips for improving your English🍇

💎 Watch television and films in English
💎 Read English books/newspapers
💎 Make notes of new vocabulary
💎 Surround yourself with English speakers
💎 Listen to British and American music
💎 Practise English whenever you can
💎 Learn English idioms and phrasal verbs
💎 Tell you teacher what you want to learn
💎 Remember your mistakes
💎 Put yourself into difficult situations

🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒🍒

Poem: At the Window By D.H. Lawrence

At the Window
By D.H. Lawrence

The pine-trees bend to listen to the autumn wind as it mutters
Something which sets the black poplars ashake with hysterical laughter;
While slowly the house of day is closing its eastern shutters.

Further down the valley the clustered tombstones recede,
Winding about their dimness the mist’s grey cerements, after
The street lamps in the darkness have suddenly started to bleed.

The leaves fly over the window and utter a word as they pass
To the face that leans from the darkness, intent, with two dark-filled eyes
That watch for ever earnestly from behind the window glass.

Tuesday, July 11, 2017

English Literary Terms

1. Auto-Biography: -is the history of one’s life written by one self.
2. Act: - is the major division of a drama.
3. Antithesis: -is contrast or polarity in meaning.
4. Allusion: -is a reference to an idea, place, person or text existing outside the literary work.
5. Allegory: - is a literary work that has an implied meaning.
6. Alliteration:-the repetition of a consonant in two or more words.
7. Ballad: -is a song which tells a story.
8. Biography: -is the history of a person’s life by one else.
9. Blank Verse: -Verses written in iambic pentameter without any rhyme pattern are called blank verse.
10. Comedy:-is a play written to entertain its audience, ends happily.
11. Classical:-means any writing that conforms to the rules and modes of old Greek and Latin writings.
12. Canto:-is a sub-division of an epic or a narrative poem comparable to a chapter in a novel.
13. Chorus:-is a group of singers who stand alongside the stage in a drama.
14. Catharsis:-is emotional release of pity and fear that the tragic incidences in a tragedy arouse to an audience.
15. Comic relief:-a humorous scene in a tragedy to eliminate the tragic effect from audience.
16. Couplet:-To lines of the same material length usually found in Shakespearean sonnets.
17. Catastrophe:-Catastrophe is the downfall of the protagonist in a tragedy.
18. Didactic:-is a literary work which aims at teaching and instructing its readers.
19. Dirge:-is a short functional term.
20. Diction:-is the selection of words in literary work.
21. Dialect:-is the language of particular district; class or a group of people.
22. Drammatical Monologue:-In a poem when a single person speaks along with or without an audience is called drammatical monologue. Example “My last Duchess”-----Br
owning.
23. Difference between drama and novel:-A drama is meant to be performed whereas a novel is meant to be read.
24. Difference between stanza and paragraph:-A stanza contains verses whereas a paragraph contains prosaic lines.
25. Epic:-is a long narrative poem composed on a grand scale and is exalted style. Example “Paradise Lost”-------Milton.
26. Epilogue:-is the concluding part of a longer poem or a novel or a drama.
27. Fable:-is a brief story illustrating a moral.
28. Farce:-A form of low comedy designed to provoke laughter.
29. Foot:-A basic unit of meter.
30. Fiction:-A fiction is an imaginative narrative in prose e.g.
Lord of the fly—by Golding.
31. Elegy:- is a poem mourning to the death of an individual or a lament for a tragic event.
32. Genre:-means category or types of literature-epic, ode, ballad etc.
33. Hyperbole:-An overstatement or exaggeration.
34. Image:-is the mental picture connected with metaphor, smile and symbol.
35. Limerick:-is a short poem of a five-line stanza rhyming aaba.
36. Lyric:-A lyric is a short poem expressing a simple mood. It is usually personal and musical e.g. Keats’s odes.
37. Linguistic:-is the scientific and systematic study of language.
38. Melodrama:-A highly sensational drama with happy ending.
Example ‘The Spanish Tragedy’ –Kyd.
39. Metaphysical Poetry:-Meta means beyond and physical is related to body . . . . . . . . .
40. Mock-epic:-It is a long satirical poem dealing with a trivial theme. Example: “The rape of the lock”-Alexander Pope.
41. Metaphor:-A metaphor is an implicit comparison between two different things.
42. Metre:-The recurrence of similar stress pattern in some lines of a poem.
43. Novel:-is a long prose narrative fiction with plot, characters, etc.
44. Novelette:-is longer than a short story and shorter than a novel.
45. Ode:-is a long narrative poem of varying, line length dealing with serious subject matter.
46. Objectivity:-We have objectivity in a literary piece when the author focuses on an object from broadened point of view.
47. Octave:-is the firs part of Italian sonnet.
48. Oxymoron:-is apparently a physical contrast which oddly makes sense on a deeper level.
49. Prologue:-is the beginning part of a novel or a play or a novel.

English Language Teaching and Importance of Linguistics.

Language is an expression and a mode of communication. Among all the other languages in the world, English language is one of the most popular languages in the world. The demand of learning this language is increasing rapidly day by day that so many hundreds and thousands of teachers in education are specializing in English Language every day to meet the needs of such a huge population. Philosopher Franz Fanon once said, “To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture.” The hundreds and thousands of teachers are graduating everyday with experience and great amount of knowledge to take over the world of English Language students and make them “language-perfect.” However, in order to make them “language-perfect,” teachers really need a deep understanding of Linguistics so that they can come up with a more refined teaching material for the language students. Further in this essay, I will discuss about the need of deep understanding of Linguistics in English Language teachers.
Linguistics is to be instilled completely in English Teachers because when they are on duty, they work like correspondents, education specialists and assessors. They also work as educated human beings and are also the forerunners of developing sense of negotiators of socialization to their students.
The teachers work like correspondents. I say this because as a teacher it is really important to develop good conversational skills in order to be able to communicate with students from varied backgrounds. They should be their own communication designers so that the teachers know the way to structure knowledge and deliver it to the students. The language output should be designed carefully and vividly so that students understand and communicate productively in class and outside as well. Reversely, understanding the students is essential. Listening to the students carefully and responding to it is an important issue. It is because
understanding and assessing what they know, understand, their ability to reflect and if the teaching techniques are effective on the student is a crucial part of student assessment which teachers must go through. Linguistics is really important for teachers to instil because lately, the mode of education is innovating rapidly. The classrooms are getting diverse and there are more students with diverse ethnic backgrounds and most importantly different languages. This shows that teachers, to a great extent, will have to face students whose first language is not English mostly. In this type of world of rapid innovation and diversity, a deeper knowledge of linguistics will assist teachers to notice that the speech forms they value are characteristics of their own culture and background. They are neither general nor characteristically more effective than other possible speech forms. If the teachers do not get the cultural difference, they will assume that there is something fishy with students’ ways of utilizing language and the teachers may not expect using the language this way completely thus, creating complicated issues again. If the teachers cannot identify the effectiveness of other ways of speaking, this can shake their student’s self- esteem in their own ability to communicate.
An example of the above awkward situation is given by Geneva Smitherman (1977) through a conversation thread which is really a touching one given below:

Student (excitedly): Miz Jones, you remember that show you tole us about? Well, me and my momma’s nem?

Teacher (interrupting with a “warm” smile): Bernadette, start again. I’m sorry, but I can’t understand you.

Student (confused): Well, it was that show, me and my momma!

Teacher (interrupting again, still with that “warm” smile): Sorry, I still can’t understand you.
(Student, now silent, even more confused than ever, looks at floor, says nothing.)
Teacher: Now Bernadette, first of all, it’s Mrs. Jones, not Miz Jones. And you know it was an exhibit, not a show. Now, haven’t I explained to the class over and over again that you always put yourself last when you are talking about a group of people and yourself doing something? So, therefore, you should say what?
Student: My momma and me?
Teacher (exasperated): No! My mother and I. Now start again, this time right.
Student: Aw, that’s okay, it wasn’t nothin.

This is why it is really important to have Linguistic knowledge so that neither the child nor the teacher will be humiliated during communication in class. This is why, Linguistics can prepare the English Language teachers to work with students with varied cultural, social and linguistic backgrounds. Their understanding of use of language would be probably different from the Native- Australian English speaker which is really a key factor in teaching.

In conclusion, English language is a language when combined with deeper understanding of Linguistics and is instilled in a teacher and if taught properly to students, the students in turn will have a proper form of linguistic awareness without any form of humiliation while speaking and writing in English Language despite the nations’ diverse social, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. It can't be said that linguistics isn't needed although it's an interesting course as it was mentioned in many reader's comments. It's essential and consider to be a major structure in language.

Essay: Time Management

Time Management Essay

Time Management is the technique to use one’s time efficiently so as to make the most of it. As easy as it may seem, it takes a lot of efforts to master this technique. One who learns how to manage time can achieve almost anything in life.
It is said that the first step towards success is efficient time management. One who cannot manage his time properly is likely to fail at almost everything he does. Efficient time management increases your productivity, improves your quality of work and also helps reduce stress. Here are essays of varying lengths on time management to help you with the topic.
Essay on Time Management
Time Management Essay 1 (200 words)
Time management is the ability to utilize one’s time efficiently so as to be more productive and organized. It is said that if you master this technique you can accomplish just about anything in life. However, as simplistic as it seems, efficient time management is not something that everyone is good at. It takes a good amount of effort to achieve it. Self discipline is the key to manage your time well.
Keeping a tab on the time and managing it efficiently helps in the following manner:
It keeps you motivated to work harder.
It increases productivity.
It helps you attain more with lesser efforts.
It gives a sense of satisfaction.
It reduces your stress levels.
It increases your quality of work.
You can manage your time efficiently with the help of following tips:
Prepare a list of tasks to be accomplished during the day.
Prioritise your tasks and also set time to complete each of them.
Stick to your schedule diligently.
Take breaks in between the tasks.
Do not forget to take 7-8 hours of sleep each day.
These tips should not only help the students and working professional manage their work efficiently and increase productivity but are also for homemakers to help them stay more organized.
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Time Management Essay 2 (300 words)
Time Management is the technique of planning and managing time in a way to make the optimum use of it. It is essential to manage your time properly in order to achieve success in any field. The importance of time management and tips to manage it well are shared here at length.
Importance of Time Management
Greater Productivity
When you have a plan at place, all you have to do is implement it. You do not require wasting time in between tasks to decide what is to be done next and hence the level of productivity increases.
Raised Motivation Level
When you set targets, your motivation level is bound to increase automatically. Targets inspire you to work harder and prove yourself.
Better Decision-Making
Time management is all about planning. You evaluate all the pros and cons as you plan your work and this helps you make better decisions.
Increased Work Quality
When you know what you are expected to do during the day and also have a set sequence in which it is to be done, the planning part is already complete. All you have to do is concentrate on your work and this result in increased quality.
Reduced Stress
Time management helps you accomplish more tasks in less time and with lesser efforts. This is thus a great way to combat stress.
Time Management Tips
Here are a few quick tips to help you manage your time efficiently.
Prepare a to-do list every morning
Prioritise your tasks
Define time to complete each of your task
Keep a tab on your list and check the tasks as you complete them
Take breaks in between your tasks
Meditate for some time each day
Eat healthy and take proper rest
Conclusion
Time Management is important for every individual. Whether you are a student, homemaker, business person or a working professional – if you are able to manage your time efficiently, you wouldn’t be far from attaining your goals.
Time Management Essay 3 (400 words)
Time management is the art of consciously deciding and controlling the amount of time spent on different activities. It is used as a key to increase productivity and stay organized. Here is why time management is essential for people from all walks of life and how it can help you attain your goals.
Time Management: The First Step towards Success
It is said that, “If you can’t manage your time, you won’t be able to manage any other part of your life”. So, the first step towards success is to manage your time efficiently. If you master the art of managing your time well you would be able to handle your tasks better. Here is why:
Managing time efficiently helps in better decision-making.
It increases the motivation level.
It enables you to attain greater productivity.
The quality of work enhances when you master the technique of time management.
To top it all, efficient time management helps reduce your stress levels.
Tips for Efficient Time Management
Here are some tips that can help you manage your time efficiently:
Draft a List
Pick a pen and paper and jot down all the tasks you need to complete during the day each morning.
Prioritise Your Tasks
Once you have all the tasks on paper, prioritise them. Don’t overlook the importance of completing your tasks in the right sequence.
Set Time
To manage your time efficiently, you must set a time to complete each of the tasks written by you.
Check
Keep checking the tasks as you complete them. This gives a sense of accomplishment and motivates you to work harder.
Take Breaks
Don’t take up one task after the other continually. This will make you feel dreary and hamper productivity. It is suggested to take breaks in between your tasks.
Sleep Well and Eat Healthy
If you do not complete your 7-8 hours of sleep each night, you would not be able to concentrate on work and managing time properly would just be out of question. It is the same if you do not have a well-balanced diet.
Exercise
Often underrated, exercising is very helpful. It does not only keep you fit but also reduces stress levels and boosts your power to concentrate. It thus helps you manage your time well and accomplish your tasks efficiently.
Conclusion
Though managing time efficiently is difficult. However, with some effort you can achieve it. The above-mentioned tips should help you in this direction.
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Time Management Essay 4 (500 words)
Time management is managing your time efficiently enough so as to accomplish all your daily tasks in a systematic manner. One who can manage his time resourcefully can accomplish almost any task successfully. Importance of time management has been stressed time and again. Here is why it is so important to manage your time efficiently as well as some effective tips for the same:
Importance of Time Management
It is rightly said, “Either you run the day or the day runs you”. This is true for people from every sphere of life. Whether you are a student, a corporate employee or a homemaker, you must manage your time efficiently to accomplish your tasks systematically. Here is why time management is important:
Time is Limited
Your time is limited – once gone it will never come back. It is thus important for you to make the most of it.
Better Decision Making
When you plan your tasks beforehand as per the available time you would certainly be able to take better decisions and handle your work more efficiently.
Lower Stress Level
Stress and anxiety builds up when you have a lot of tasks at hand but are clueless about where to begin and how to go about them. If you prepare a list, prioritize your tasks and make a plan to complete them timely you will be able to combat stress.
Greater Productivity
A lot of time is wasted in thinking and planning what to do next. When you prepare a schedule to manage your time more efficiently you already know what is to be done next and can thus deliver greater productivity.
Tips to Manage Time Efficiently
The below mentioned tips should help you manage your time efficiently:
Start Early
It is always better to begin your day a little early so that you have more time to invest in productive activities. However, having said that, you must not compromise on your sleep. It is essential for you to complete 7-8 hours of sleep each day.
Prepare a to-do list
The first thing you should do in the morning is to plan your day and the best way to do it is to prepare a to-do list. List your tasks based on your priority and begin accomplishing them one after the other.
Assign Time to Your Tasks
Assign time to each of the tasks on your list and make sure you complete them within the set time.
Take Break
Don’t rush from task to task. Give yourself some time in between to unwind and begin the next task with greater motivation.
Eat Healthy
It is essential to have a well-balanced diet in order to stay energized all through the day and make the most of the time you have.
Conclusion
Time management is easier said than done. It takes a lot of dedication and determination to stay focused and follow the schedule you have set for yourself to manage your time efficiently. However, once you master the art you are sure to go places.
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Time Management Essay 5 (600 words)
Time Management is the art of consciously managing your time to make the most of it. It is said that he who learns the art of managing time can do just about anything in life. Here is why it is essential to manage time and the importance it holds for people from different walks of life.
Time Management is Vital in Every Sphere
Time Management is essential for people belonging to different walks of life. Be it a student, homemaker, working professional, freelancer or a business professional – everyone must manage his/ her time well in order to manage their tasks well. Here is a detailed look at the importance of time management for each of these groups of people:
Importance of Time Management for Students
Students need to juggle between several different activities throughout their day. From going to school/college to taking tuitions, from indulging in self studies to participating in sports activities, from taking part in extra-curricular activities to taking enough rest to stay fit and the list goes on. In such a situation, if you do not schedule your time properly, you wouldn’t be able to carry out any task efficiently.
Importance of Time Management for Business Personnel
Discipline is the first thing you require if you are planning to start with a business and the first step towards disciplining the self is to respect time. In business, you are your own boss and you have a lot more responsibilities compared to when you are working for someone else. In order to handle everything efficiently you must begin by managing your time resourcefully.
Importance of Time Management for Home Makers
Home makers toil the entire day. Their list of tasks is endless and if not managed properly it can be quite taxing. Since they require doing different varieties of tasks each day, they should begin by preparing a to-do list in the morning. Prioritize the tasks and keep checking as you finish them one after the other. This would not only help you manage your time efficiently but also give you a sense of satisfaction.
Importance of Time Management for Freelancers
Freelancers, particularly those who work from home, must ensure that they prepare a daily schedule and follow it diligently to manage their time efficiently. Most individuals who work from home choose this option because they have certain duties to fulfil at their home. Fulfilling your personal duties and managing your professional tasks simultaneously can be quite daunting. The key is to manage your time efficiently. It is suggested to identify those hours of the day when you can concentrate best and spare that time for your professional tasks.
Importance of Time Management for Working Professionals
With the growing competition, it is essential for working professionals to perform exceedingly well in their field. They are expected to do something out of the box in order to outperform their peers and stay in the good books of their seniors. It is thus essential for them to schedule their time in a way that they do not only get time for their usual work but also for doing something different/ new that can bring them recognition.
Quick Tips for Efficient Time Management
Prepare a to-do list
Finish the important tasks first
Concentrate solely on the task at hand
Learn to say ‘no’
Keep your phone aside as you begin your work
Sleep for 7-8 hours a day
Have a healthy diet
Exercise regularly
Conclusion
It might appear simple but managing time efficiently call for great qualities in an individual. There is a lot that goes into it. You must stay disciplined and constantly remind yourself as to why it is important for you to accomplish your tasks in a timely manner.
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SOUND PATTERNS

Three other elements of poetry are rhyme scheme, meter (ie. regular rhythm) and word sounds (like alliteration). These are sometimes collectively called sound play because they take advantage of the performative, spoken nature of poetry.

RHYME

Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds. In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines. It is usually identified with lower case letters, and a new letter is used to identify each new end sound. Take a look at the rhyme scheme for the following poem :

I saw a fairy in the wood,
He was dressed all in green.
He drew his sword while I just stood,
And realized I'd been seen.

The rhyme scheme of the poem is abab..
Internal rhyme occurs in the middle of a line, as in these lines from Coleridge,

"In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud" or "Whiles all the night through fog-smoke white" ("The Ancient Mariner").
Remember that most modern poems do not have rhyme.

NOTE: Rhyme (above) and rhythm (below) are two totally different concepts! RHYTHM AND METER I recommend starting with this podcast on rhythm and meter.

Meter: the systematic regularity in rhythm; this systematic rhythm (or sound pattern) is usually identified by examining the type of "foot" and the number of feet.
1. Poetic Foot: The traditional line of metered poetry contains a number of rhythmical units, which are called feet. The feet in a line are distinguished as a recurring pattern of two or three syllables("apple" has 2 syllables, "banana" has 3 syllables, etc.). The pattern, or foot, is designated according to the number of syllables contained, and the relationship in each foot between the strong and weak syllables.

Thus: __ = a stressed (or strong, or LOUD) syllable
U = an unstressed (or weak, or quiet) syllable In other words, any line of poetry with a systematic rhythm has a certain number of feet, and each foot has two or three syllables with a constant beat pattern .

a. Iamb (Iambic) - weak syllable followed by strong syllable. [Note that the pattern is sometimes fairly hard to maintain, as in the third foot.]
b. Trochee (Trochaic): strong syllable followed by a weak syllable.

c. Anapest (Anapestic): two weak syllables followed by a strong syllable.
e.g.
In her room at the prow of the house
Where light breaks, and the windows are tossed... From "The Writer", by Richard Wilbur

d. Dactyl (Dactylic): a strong syllable followed by two weak syllables.
Here's another (silly) example of dactylic rhythm.
A was an / archer, who / shot at a / frog
B was a / butcher, and / had a great / dog
C was a / captain, all / covered with / lace
D was a / drunkard, and / had a red / face.

e. Spondee (Spondaic): two strong syllables (not common as lines, but appears as a foot). A spondee usually appears at the end of a line.

2. The Number of Feet:
The second part of meter is the number of feet contained in a line.
Thus:
one foot=monometer
two feet=dimeter
three feet=trimeter
four feet=tetrameter
five feet=pentameter
six feet=hexameter (when hexameter is in iambic rhythm, it is called an alexandrine)

Poems with an identifiable meter are therefore identified by the type of feet (e.g. iambic) and the number of feet in a line (e.g. pentameter).

The following line is iambic pentameter because it (1) has five feet [pentameter], and (2) each foot has two syllables with the stress on the second syllable [iambic].

That time | of year | thou mayst | in me | behold
Thus, you will hear meter identified as iambic pentameter, trochaic tetrameter, and so on.

3. Irregularity: Many metered poems in English avoid perfectly regular rhythm because it is monotonous. Irregularities in rhythm add interest and emphasis to the lines. In this line: The first foot substitutes a trochee for an iamb. Thus, the basic iambic pentameter is varied with the opening trochee.

4. Blank Verse: Any poetry that does have a set metrical pattern (usually iambic pentameter), butdoes not have rhyme, is blank verse. Shakespeare frequently used unrhymed iambic pentameter in his plays; his works are an early example of blank verse.

5. Free Verse: Most modern poetry no longer follows strict rules of meter or rhyme, especially throughout an entire poem. Free verse, frankly, has no rules about meter or rhyme whatsoever! [In other words, blank verse has rhythm, but no rhyme, while free verse has neither rhythm nor rhyme.] So, you may find it difficult to find regular iambic pentameter in a modern poem, though you might find it in particular lines. Modern poets do like to throw in the occasional line or phrase of metered poetry, particularly if they’re trying to create a certain effect. Free verse can also apply to a lack of a formal verse structure. How do I know if a poem has meter? How do I determine the meter?

To maintain a consistent meter, a poet has to choose words that fit. For example, if a poet wants to write iambic poetry, s/he has to choose words that have a naturally iambic rhythm. Words like betray and persuade will work in an iambic poem because they are naturally iambic. They sound silly any other way. However, candle and muscle will work best in a trochaic poem, because their natural emphasis is on the first syllable. (However, a poet can use trochaic words if s/he places a one syllable word in front of them. This often leads to poetic feet ending in the middle of words - after one syllable - rather than the end.) It's not surprising that most modern poetry is not metered, because it is very restrictive and demanding.

Determining meter is usually a process of elimination. Start reading everything in iambic by emphasizing every second syllable. 80 to 90% of metered poetry is iambic. If it sounds silly or strange, because many of the poem's words do not sound natural, then try trochaic, anapestic or dactylic rhythms. If none of these sounds natural, then you probably do not have metered poetry at all (ie. it's free verse).If there are some lines that sound metered, but some that don't, the poem has an irregular rhythm.

10 Grammar Mistakes ESL Students Make

1- Choosing the Wrong Tense
I have been to New York last summer.

In this case, the student fails to see that because he/she is referring to something that happened at a specific moment in the past, he/she should use the Past Simple, not the Present Perfect. Students may remember the correct form of the verb (and remember the correct past participle for a specific verb, for example); the problem is that they simply use the wrong tense to express themselves.

2- Using the Wrong Preposition
What happened with you last weekend?

Happened with, to or on – prepositions are one of the most confusing aspects of learning English grammar, as there are rarely clear-cut rules.

3-Confusing the Infinitive, Gerund or Base Form of the Verb
I must to buy a new English book.

Students often use the infinitive with modals like must, when they should simply use the base form of the verb. Others use gerunds when they should use infinitives (I decided going to the park).

4-Omitting Articles
I bought new car yesterday.

Get the feeling something’s missing? Well, ESL students are not as intuitive. Whether it’s the definite or indefinite article, they sometimes seem to avoid them like the plague.

5-Misusing Adverbs and Adjectives
I want to speak English good.

6-Subject-Verb Agreement
People is coming to my party tonight.

People are people, but ESL students in particular often need to make sure that the verb must agree with the subject.

7-Wrong Word Order
Is corrected the test?

There are several ways to tell that a student is thinking in their native language. And this is one of them. Because I can also speak Arabic fluently, I can tell you that this is the word order we’d use to ask the same question in Arabic.

8- Incorrect Plural Nouns
I have three childrens.

Childrens, gooses or womens… ESL classrooms are filled with them!

9- Incorrect Comparatives
It is more cold in my country than it is here.

The comparative form of some adjectives seem to confuse students more and more… more bad, more good and more easy.

10-Sins of Omission
I English student.

It can be a verb, preposition, article or noun - any student at any level may omit a word from a sentence. While some omissions may go unnoticed and hardly affect the flow of communication, others may seriously hinder fluency.

The following mistakes are common among many learners. The essential objective is: How to Help Students Stop Making These Mistakes

In my opinion, there are two essential steps when dealing with grammar mistakes. The first is correction and the second is practice.
Correction
Naturally, we correct students when they make mistakes. But have you asked yourself why they keep making the same mistakes, despite the fact that we keep correcting them? In most cases, corrections are made quickly, while students are speaking and have their minds on what they are trying to say. In most cases, they simply don’t register the correction. How can we effectively correct students so that these types of mistakes don’t go unnoticed? First, we need to really draw their attention to them.
The Comic Relief Strategy: Say you have students who always say childrens instead of children. Try making an exaggerated face as soon as they say the offending word. Or shout out, “You saw what in the park?” with a shocked expression. The exaggeration and the over-the-top acting helps them zero in on the problem while at the same time relieving the tension from being corrected.
The Self-Correction Strategy: There are numerous ways to use self-correction in the ESL classroom, but whichever one you use, you can bet the student’s attention will be focused on the problem he/she has to solve. Try writing down the sentence on the board with a blank space for the mistake and have the student fill in the gap with the correct answer. Or write what the student says, and ask, “What’s wrong with this sentence?” Of course, you can’t do this every time a student makes a mistake, but it is a great strategy for those mistakes students repeat over and over again.
Practice
Nothing beats hours and hours of practice. If you identify something that students seem to have real trouble with, like choosing the wrong tense, give them extended practice to help them overcome this particular difficulty. Games, drilling or worksheets, anything and everything helps, and you will definitely see the improvement.

Years ago, I had a student who started every single class by asking me, “Do you have cold?” What he really wanted to know was if I was cold (he was wondering if he should wear his jacket). I corrected him and encouraged him to ask, “Are you cold?”, but the next day he asked me the same wrong question: Do you have cold? One day, I answered, “No, actually I don’t have a cold. I’m feeling quite well, thank you, but if you’re wondering if I am cold, I’m fine, thanks. No need to wear a jacket .” At first, he looked bewildered, then, he understood his mistake; he confused be cold and have a cold. For several days, we went through the same routine; he asked me the wrong question, and I gave him my very long-winded response. One day, out of the blue, I walked towards , and with purpose and a certain gleam in his eye, he asked, “Are you cold?” The very long-winded answer drew his attention to the mistake, whereas a quick correction would have fallen through the cracks.

Song: to Celia [Come, my Celia, let us prove] BY BEN JONSON

Song: to Celia [Come, my Celia, let us prove]
BY BEN JONSON

Come, my Celia, let us prove,
While we can, the sports of love;
Time will not be ours forever;
He at length our good will sever.
Spend not then his gifts in vain.
Suns that set may rise again;
But if once we lose this light,
’Tis with us perpetual night.
Why should we defer our joys?
Fame and rumor are but toys.
Cannot we delude the eyes
Of a few poor household spies,
Or his easier ears beguile,
So removèd by our wile?
’Tis no sin love’s fruit to steal;
But the sweet thefts to reveal,
To be taken, to be seen,
These have crimes accounted been.

Linguistics

What is linguistics and why study it?
Have you ever wondered why we say "feet" rather than "foots"? Or what we do with our mouths to make a b sound different from a p? Or why we rarely say what we actually mean? It's questions like these that intrigue the linguist! The following post introduces an introduction to linguistic studies and form a starting point to many other posts in the future. It's better as readers to follow up gradually in order to benefit and comprehend the selected topics related to linguistics. Enjoy dear readers.

Many people think that a linguist is someone who speaks many languages and works as a language teacher or as an interpreter at the United Nations. In fact, these people are more accurately called "Polyglots". While many linguists are polyglots, the focus of linguistics is about the structure, use and psychology of language in general.

Linguistics is concerned with the nature of language and communication. It deals both with the study of particular languages, and the search for general properties common to all languages or large groups of languages. It includes the following subareas :

phonetics (the study of the production, acoustics and hearing of speech sounds)
phonology (the patterning of sounds)
morphology (the structure of words)
syntax (the structure of sentences)
semantics (meaning)
pragmatics (language in context)
It also includes explorations into the nature of language variation (i. e., dialects), language change over time, how language is processed and stored in the brain, and how it is acquired by young children.
Although linguistics is still largely unfamiliar to the educated public, it is a growing and exciting field, with an increasingly important impact on other fields as diverse as psychology, philosophy, education, language teaching, sociology, anthropology, computer science, and artificial intelligence.
Therefore, linguistics is a valuable component of liberal education and is also useful as preprofessional training for individuals interested in teaching languages, in areas of rehabilitative medicine such as audiology or speech therapy, in special education, in work in computer science and artificial intelligence, in work with native peoples or with immigrant groups, or in academic disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, literature and language studies, where the contribution of linguistics is increasingly recognized.

Preposition से सम्बंधित 75 प्रमुख बाते

1. का, के , कि के अर्थ में सम्बन्ध बताने वाले के लिए :- of
2. 'से' के अर्थ में जुदाई :- from
3. 'से अलग' के अर्थ में :- off
4. दो के बीच में :- between
5. तीन या तीन से अधिक के बीच में:- among
6. 'के करीब' के अर्थ में :- about
7. 'के बारे में' के अर्थ में :- about
8. 'के चारो तरफ' के अर्थ में :- round
9. 'के आस - पास' के अर्थ में :- around
10. 'के प्रति' के अर्थ में:- to, towards
11. 'की ओर' के अर्थ में:- to, towards
12. किसी चीज़ के ऊपर और स्पर्श रहने पर :- on
13. किसी चीज़ के ऊपर और स्पर्श नहीं रहने पर :- above, over
14. किसी चीज़ के ऊपर और गतिशील अवस्था में :- over
15. 'के द्वारा' के अर्थ में :- by
16. व्यक्ति के निकट :- by
17. किसी स्थान के निकट :- at
18. 'से होकर' (भीतरी अवस्था) :- through
19. 'से होकर' (बाहरी अवस्था):- by
20. Parts of Body के साथ धरकर के अर्थ में :- by
21. निश्चित समय के साथ 'तक' के अर्थ में :- by, till
22. समय कि अवधि के साथ 'तक' के अर्थ में :- For
23. निश्चित समय के साथ से के अर्थ में यदि वाक्य Present और Past
. Tense में हो:- since
24. निश्चित समय के साथ से के अर्थ में यदि वाक्य Future Tense में
.हो :- from
25. समय के अवधि के साथ 'से' के साथ में:- for
26. जितना बजे उतना बताना हो :- at
27. दिन के नाम के साथ 'को' के अर्थ में :- on
28. किसी Instrument के मदद से कोई काम करना हो :- with
29. 'के हिसाब से' के अर्थ में :- by
30. कीमत बताने में :- at
31. गति बताने में :- at
32. तापमान बताने में :- at
33. 'के खिलाफ' के अर्थ में :- against
34. से सटकर या सटाकर के अर्थ में:- against
35. किसी के पास जाना हो :- to
36. के किनारे के अर्थ में :- along
37. के बावज़ूद के अर्थ में :- with, for, in spite of
38. किसी स्थान के निकट या पास के अर्थ में :- at
39. कोई काम करके अर्थ में :- by + v 4
40. कोई काम करते ही के अर्थ में :- on + v 4
41. कोई काम करने के चलते :- for + v 4
42. 'के लिए' के अर्थ में :- for
43. 'के बदले में' के अर्थ में :- for
44. 'के अधीन' के अर्थ में :- under
45. 'में' के अर्थ में स्थिर अवस्था :- in
46. 'में' के अर्थ में गतिशील अवस्था:- into
47. 'के सामने' के अर्थ में यदि व्यक्ति हो :- before
48. 'के सामने' के अर्थ में यदि कोई वस्तु हो :- in front of
49. जब दो भवन आमने - सामने हो :- opposite
50. 'के पीछे' के अर्थ में:- behind
51. 'को छोड़कर' के अर्थ में :- but, except
52. 'के दौरान' के अर्थ में :- during
53. 'के बगल में' के अर्थ में :- beside
54. 'के अलावे के अर्थ में':- besides
55. साधन बताने में 'से' के अर्थ में :- by
56. किसी निर्धारित समय के भीतर :- within
57. किसी निर्धारित समय में :- in
58. नियंत्रण में :- under control
59. नियंत्रण से बाहर में:- out of control
60. समझ से बाहर :- above, beyond
61. समय बताने में घडी के साथ:-by
62. कोई वस्तु किसी चीज़ के ऊपर तथा नीचे कि वस्तु को पूरी तरह से
.ढके हुए हो तो 'पर' के अर्थ में :- under
63. किसी चीज़ को स्पर्श करके पार करे :- across
64. किसी चीज़ को बिना स्पर्श किए हुए पार करे:- over, across
65. कसम खाने में :- by
66. 'के उस पार' के अर्थ में :- across
67. एक छोर से दूसरे छोर तक के अर्थ में:- over, across
68. 'में' के अर्थ में परिवर्तन :- into
69. लक्ष्य बताने में :- at
70. समूचा के अर्थ में :- throughout
71. के बिना के अर्थ में :- without
72. उम्र बताने ‘में’ के अर्थ में :- at
73. के अधीन के अर्थ में:- under
74. के सम्बन्ध में - Regarding
75. किसी चीज़ के शिखर बताने में :- at

Examples of Symbolism in Literature

Symbolism is a technique used in literature when some things are not to be taken literally. The symbolism can be an object, person, situation, events or actions that have a deeper meaning in context.
This technique can enhance writing and give insight to the reader.

Symbolism in Poems

In Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven”, the black bird stands for death and loss.

In William Blake’s “Ah Sunflower”, the sunflower represents people and the sun represents life:

Ah Sunflower, weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the sun;
Seeking after that sweet golden clime
Where the traveler’s journey is done;

In William Wordsworth’s “She Dwelt Amoung Untrodden Ways” innocence and beauty are shown with these phrases:

"A violet by a mossy stone" and "Fair as a star, when only one is shining in the sky."

In Sara Teasdale’s “Wild Asters”, ‘spring’ and ‘daisies’ are symbols of youth and ‘bitter autumn’ is a symbol of death:

In the spring, I asked the daisies
If his words were true,
And the clever, clear-eyed daisies
Always knew.
Now the fields are brown and barren,
Bitter autumn blows,
And of all the stupid asters
Not one knows.

In Samuel Taylor Coleridge's
“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”, the albatross can be seen as standing for a burden you must bear:

Ah ! well a-day ! what evil looks
Had I from old and young !
Instead of the cross, the Albatross
About my neck was hung.

Symbolism in Books, Plays & Screenplays

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the letter 'A' symbolized adultery.

In Shakespeare’s As you Like It, ‘stage’ symbolizes the world and ‘players’ symbolize men and women:

All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
they have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,

In Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, ‘Wuthering’ represents the wild nature of the inhabitants:

My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods.
Time will change it; I’m well aware, as winter changes the trees.
My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath a source of little visible delight, but necessary.

In Elie Wiesel’s novel Night, night is used throughout the book to represent death, darkness, and loss of faith.

In the movie The Wizard of Oz, the storm symbolizes high emotions and occurred when those emotions were present.

In the movie trilogy Star Wars, Luke was dressed in light colors and Darth Vader was dressed in black, showing good vs evilIn Lorraine Hansberry’s play
A Raisin in the Sun, a plant on the windowsill symbolizes needs and hope, like a plant needs the sun to grow, we have needs.

In Dr. Seuss’s How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, the Grinch steals the symbols of Christmas, like trees, presents and food, to find out in the end Christmas was more than those things.

In Hansel and Gretel, bread symbolizes comfort and bread crumbs symbolize the way home.

In Elizabeth Barret Browning’s Aurora Leigh, women’s work is symbolized as being undervalued:
The works of women are symbolical.

We sew, sew, prick our fingers, dull our sight,Producing what?
A pair of slippers, sir,
To put on when you're weary.

In the Lone Ranger, silver bullets represent justice by law:
A symbol which means justice by law.
I want to become known to all who see the silver bullets that I live and fight to see the eventual defeat and proper punishment by law of every criminal in the West.

The Writing Style of William Shakespeare

Shakespeare created the majority of his popular plays and stories in the late 16th century. For many years he enjoyed writing comedies and historical plays until he found his true love: writing tragedies and dark dramas, such as Hamlet and Macbeth.
The playwright, poet, and actor, William Shakespeare, was born in Elizabethan England in the 16th century. He wrote plays that appealed to both the commoner and the queen, and he wrote as well as performed in his plays. His plays were performed in London at the Globe Theater and in Stratford at The New Place Theater. He is referred to as William Shakespeare, Shakespeare, or the Bard by countless fans of his work around the world.

Shakespeare wrote his earlier plays in the traditional style of the time. He relied heavily on using drawn out—sometimes extravagant—metaphors and narcissisms. His style often sounded pompous and pretentious. Shakespeare’s first original comedy called “The Two Gentlemen of Verona” (1590) shows an undeveloped and conflicting writing style.

Iambic Pentameter

Shakespeare wrote in iambic pentameter. The results were plays and sonnets that had ten syllables per line and with his plays, these lines were unrhymed. The simplest way to describe the rhythm of iambic pentameter is to liken it to a heartbeat, which means a series of stressed words, then unstressed words. In the case of the heartbeat, it would sound like bump BUMP, bump BUMP. Using an example from Shakespeare’s sonnets, this would be:

When I do count the clock that
tells the time

This style of writing lent itself to the theatricality of a play, which was as much about using the language beautifully as it was about telling a good story or furthering the plot.

Midsummer Night’s Dream, Romeo and Juliet, and Richard II in the late 16th century, Shakespeare gradually developed and changed his writing style from the traditional form to a more self-expressive style. He progressively used his metaphors and tropes to the desires of the melodrama itself.

The Soliloquy

“To be or not to be, that is the question.”

These famous lines from Shakespeare’s play “Hamlet” are the opening lines to his most famous—although not the only—soliloquy. The soliloquy or monologue was a common device that the famous playwright used to tell his stories. This monologue served to reveal the character’s thoughts—as in the “Hamlet” example—as well as to create the play’s setting or advance the plot. It serves to bring the audience into the story and let it in on secrets that the rest of the characters in the play may not know.

The narrator character in the play “Our
Town” by Thornton Wilder uses monologues extensively to let the audience in on the secrets of the town and to set the stage since typically this play features a mostly empty stage with the actors creating the settings with their words. This shows Shakespeare’s strong influence as his plays relied on the same devices and often through the soliloquy of a single character, although not always.

Hamlet Latin edition
After completing Hamlet, Shakespeare adopted a more centered, swift, distinct, and non-repetitive writing style. He began to use more run-on lines, uneven pauses and stops, and excessive alterations in sentence length and structure. Macbeth, his most darkest and dynamic plays, shows this refined writing style in which Shakespeare used wording that sprinted from one unconnected analogy or metaphor to a different one, forcing the reader to complete the “sense” and subliminal meaning.

Depth of Character

Shakespeare wrote about people who seemed real instead of using stock characters as was common in the theater during his days and in the generations that came before it. This literary device allowed him to make characters like MacBeth or Hamlet sympathetic even though they did some terrible things throughout the course of the play. It is because the Bard made them seem real and human, but flawed that he was able to do this. This influence can be seen in works from the 20th and 21st centuries in both movies and plays by writers like Sam Shepard or Arthur Miller.
Additionally, Shakespeare’s work deviated from that of his contemporaries in that he wrote for every type of person who came to the theater or read poems, not just for the upper class as was common. His plays like “Henry the 4th, part 1” featured not only a king and prince, but also one of the Bard’s most famous comedic characters, Falstaff, which brought a comedic and common touch to the play and appealed to the members of the lower class who attended the plays—often sitting in the same theater as the nobles of the day and during the same performance.

Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Romeo and Juliet shows Shakespeare’s witty writing style and his creative mastery. At this point in his life (around 1595), he favored a more theatrical structure, such as changing between comedy and tragedy to increase suspense. He expanded minor characters and developed sub-plots to amplify the story. Shakespeare also associated various poetic styles to different characters, occasionally evolving the style as the character developed.

To end up, William Shakespeare was the most influential writer of all-time, bringing a lyrical element to plays about great kings and poor paupers alike. His iambic pentameter verses utilized a natural rhythm of the English language and his themes as well as his literary devices continue to inspire and influence writers even now in the 21st century.